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Infrastructure as Code · Question Set
IaC in Cloud & Containers interview questions for placements and exams.
Questions
13
Included in this set
Subject
Infrastructure as Code
Explore more sets
Difficulty
Mixed
Level of this set
Go through each question and its explanation. Use this set as a focused practice pack for Infrastructure as Code.
Azure Resource Manager (ARM) templates are JSON files that declaratively define Azure resources and configurations. They enable consistent, repeatable deployments of cloud infrastructure and integrate with Azure DevOps pipelines for automation and governance.
For complete preparation, combine this set with full subject-wise practice for Infrastructure as Code. You can also explore other subjects and sets from the links below.
Google Cloud Deployment Manager is the native IaC tool for Google Cloud. It uses YAML or Jinja templates to define, configure, and deploy infrastructure resources declaratively across GCP projects and regions.
Terraform interacts with AWS using the AWS provider, which communicates via AWS APIs. The provider plugin translates Terraform configuration into API requests that create, update, or delete resources in AWS, ensuring accurate and secure provisioning through programmatic interfaces.
Kustomize allows developers to reuse and modify existing Kubernetes YAML files without creating separate copies. By layering configurations, it supports environment-specific customization (for example, dev, staging, production) while maintaining a single source of truth for base templates.
IaC enables organizations to define infrastructure configurations once and deploy them across multiple cloud environments consistently. This reduces vendor lock-in and improves flexibility by standardizing provisioning processes across AWS, Azure, and GCP, ensuring portability and reproducibility.
Kubernetes uses YAML files to define the desired state of cluster resources. These configurations describe what resources should exist, their replicas, labels, and specifications. Kubernetes controllers then reconcile the current state to match the desired state automatically.
Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes that simplifies deployment and management of applications. Helm uses versioned templates called charts to define complex Kubernetes applications as reusable, parameterized packages, improving maintainability and deployment speed.
Infrastructure as Code provides the automation backbone for provisioning, scaling, and managing containerized environments. It automates setup of container orchestration tools like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and ECS, as well as network and storage infrastructure. IaC ensures that container clusters are consistent, version-controlled, and repeatable, making deployments fast and reliable across environments.
Terraform and Ansible can provision and configure managed Kubernetes clusters such as EKS (AWS), GKE (Google Cloud), and AKS (Azure). Terraform handles cluster creation and networking through cloud provider APIs, while Ansible configures workloads, namespaces, and security policies post-deployment. This combination ensures full lifecycle automation from cluster creation to application delivery.
Managing IaC across multiple clouds introduces challenges like tool fragmentation, inconsistent APIs, and differing resource naming conventions. To mitigate these, organizations adopt cloud-agnostic tools such as Terraform, use modular templates, maintain consistent naming and tagging standards, and enforce governance policies through central CI/CD pipelines. This provides uniform control and reduces operational complexity.
GitOps extends IaC principles by managing infrastructure and application deployments through version-controlled Git repositories. In cloud-native environments, GitOps automates Kubernetes cluster management using tools like Argo CD or Flux, which continuously reconcile Git configurations with the running state. This ensures auditability, reproducibility, and automated rollbacks of both infrastructure and workloads.
IaC provides a unified, code-driven approach to manage infrastructure spanning on-premises and cloud environments. By using tools like Terraform or Ansible, organizations can automate provisioning of both local servers and cloud resources with consistent policies and configurations. This ensures smooth integration, simplified scaling, and better compliance across hybrid infrastructures.
IaC enhances resilience by codifying recovery procedures and infrastructure states. In containerized environments, it allows automatic redeployment of clusters and workloads in new regions or zones during failures. Combined with backup automation, replicated state management, and immutable configurations, IaC enables rapid disaster recovery and minimal downtime across multi-cloud or hybrid setups.