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Infrastructure as Code · Question Set
CI/CD Integration interview questions for placements and exams.
Questions
13
Included in this set
Subject
Infrastructure as Code
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Difficulty
Mixed
Level of this set
Go through each question and its explanation. Use this set as a focused practice pack for Infrastructure as Code.
Secrets such as API keys and credentials should never be stored in plaintext or version control. Instead, they should be managed using secure secret vaults like HashiCorp Vault, AWS Secrets Manager, or encrypted CI/CD variables. This ensures secure automation while maintaining compliance with organizational policies.
For complete preparation, combine this set with full subject-wise practice for Infrastructure as Code. You can also explore other subjects and sets from the links below.
Integrating IaC with CI/CD allows infrastructure and application code to evolve together in a synchronized, automated workflow. Infrastructure changes are defined in code repositories and undergo the same lifecycle as application updates—build, test, plan, and deploy. Pipelines automatically provision infrastructure before deploying application builds. This ensures consistency, reduces drift, and enables blue-green or canary deployments with minimal downtime.
Infrastructure as Code integrates into CI/CD pipelines by automating the provisioning, validation, and deployment of infrastructure components. This ensures that both application and infrastructure changes are version-controlled, tested, and deployed together, achieving full end-to-end automation and environment consistency.
Jenkins is widely used to automate Infrastructure as Code workflows. Pipelines can execute Terraform commands such as init, plan, and apply, or run Ansible playbooks for configuration management. Jenkins integrates with version control and approval gates, enabling automated, reliable, and auditable infrastructure delivery.
GitHub Actions enable automation of Infrastructure as Code tasks directly in the repository. Developers can trigger workflows on pull requests or commits to validate Terraform plans, deploy CloudFormation stacks, or run Ansible playbooks. This provides a lightweight CI/CD solution integrated with version control.
GitLab CI/CD automates IaC workflows using YAML-defined pipelines that execute Terraform or Ansible commands. It supports pipeline stages for validation, planning, approval, and apply, enabling policy control and audit trails. GitLab Runners execute jobs in isolated environments, maintaining security and reliability.
Terraform plan validation in CI/CD pipelines ensures infrastructure changes are reviewed before they are applied. The plan step compares current and desired states, helping teams catch misconfigurations early. This improves quality control and reduces production risks during automated deployments.
Policy as Code enforces security, compliance, and operational rules within CI/CD pipelines automatically. Tools like Open Policy Agent or HashiCorp Sentinel evaluate Terraform plans against pre-defined rules before deployment. This ensures that only compliant and secure configurations are applied to production.
In CI/CD pipelines, the apply or deploy stage is responsible for executing Terraform apply or equivalent commands. It performs actual infrastructure changes after successful validation and approvals, ensuring predictable and automated deployment workflows.
A typical CI/CD pipeline for Infrastructure as Code follows several automated stages. The first stage checks out code from version control and runs syntax validation. The next stage executes 'terraform plan' to generate an execution plan, followed by automated testing or peer review. Once approved, the 'apply' stage provisions infrastructure. Post-deployment, the pipeline may run drift detection, policy checks, and notifications. This structure ensures repeatable, auditable, and secure infrastructure delivery.
Rollback in Infrastructure as Code pipelines can be managed by storing previous configurations in version control and using automated redeployments. If an update fails, the pipeline reverts to the last known good configuration by applying a previous commit or state version. Additionally, Terraform workspaces or CloudFormation change sets help safely roll back infrastructure with minimal downtime.
Testing Infrastructure as Code ensures reliability and consistency before deployment. Common tests include syntax validation, policy enforcement, unit tests for modules, integration testing using test environments, and post-deployment verification using monitoring tools. Automated testing in pipelines reduces human error and ensures compliance with desired configurations.
Compliance automation ensures that infrastructure deployments follow organizational, security, and regulatory policies without manual intervention. By embedding automated checks in pipelines—such as enforcing encryption standards, tagging policies, or network restrictions—organizations can prevent misconfigurations before production deployment. This leads to faster, safer, and audit-ready infrastructure delivery aligned with DevSecOps principles.