Problem Statement
What are the main advantages of Kotlin over Java?
Explanation
Kotlin offers null safety by default with nullable and non-nullable types eliminating most NullPointerExceptions at compile time, much more concise syntax with features like data classes, type inference, and extension functions reducing boilerplate significantly. It provides modern features like coroutines for asynchronous programming making concurrent code simpler and more readable, smart casts that automatically cast types after checks, default and named parameters eliminating constructor overloading, and sealed classes for representing restricted class hierarchies. Kotlin is fully interoperable with Java allowing gradual migration and use of Java libraries, includes functional programming features with higher-order functions and lambdas, has better collection APIs with operations like map filter and reduce built-in, and offers extension functions to add functionality to existing classes without inheritance. The language is more expressive and safer while maintaining Java's performance and ecosystem access.
