1. What is a higher-order function in Kotlin?
Higher-order functions are functions that take other functions as parameters or return functions as results, enabling functional programming patterns in Kotlin. They allow you to write more abstract and reusable code by passing behavior as parameters, commonly used with collection operations like map, filter, and fold. Kotlin's lambda syntax makes higher-order functions easy to use and read, with features like trailing lambda syntax when the last parameter is a function. This pattern is fundamental to Kotlin's functional programming capabilities and enables writing elegant, declarative code.