1. Explain how you would implement monitoring and logging for a Kubernetes production cluster and why it matters.
Difficulty: MediumType: SubjectiveTopic: Observability
In a production Kubernetes cluster you need visibility into cluster and application health. This means deploying metrics collection (for example via Prometheus), logs aggregation (Elasticsearch, Fluentd, Kibana or EFK), alerting and visualisation (Grafana). Monitoring lets you know when pods fail or nodes degrade, while logging ensures you can trace events, errors and system behaviour. Without this you cannot reliably operate a production cluster or diagnose issues efficiently.