Problem Statement
Which combination most reliably approximates 'exactly-once processing' end-to-end?
Explanation
You still may receive duplicates, but if your consumer writes are transactional and idempotent, the final state reflects one logical application of each message.
Use idempotency keys, upserts, or dedupe tables to enforce this.
Code Solution
SolutionRead Only
UPSERT into processed_keys(key); if conflict → skip side effects
Practice Sets
This question appears in the following practice sets:
