Problem Statement
How do operating systems evolve in a cloud infrastructure environment? Mention at least two changes or optimisations.
Explanation
In a cloud infrastructure environment operating systems evolve to support massively scalable workloads, multi-tenant isolation, live migration, and hardware abstraction. Two important optimisations are: 1) Lightweight virtual machines or containers as first-class citizens rather than full user desktops, reducing overhead and enabling fast deployment. 2) Live migration of VMs or containers between hosts to enable maintenance, load balancing, scaling without downtime. Additionally OS kernels often incorporate I/O vertical scaling (e.g., SR-IOV for network devices), NUMA awareness for large servers, and software-defined storage or network abstractions. Holding awareness of these modern OS trends strengthens interview responses.
