Problem Statement
Explain some pitfalls of the Singleton pattern and how you would mitigate them in real-world applications.
Explanation
The Singleton pattern restricts a class to one instance, but this may introduce hidden dependencies and make unit testing difficult because the global instance persists and can retain state. /n/n It may hinder parallelism, and misuse can turn it effectively into a global variable which violates encapsulation. /n/n To mitigate this you can use dependency injection (inject the singleton instance rather than letting classes call the static getInstance), avoid using Singleton for excessive state, and ensure thread-safe initialization (e.g., using double-checked locking or enum singletons in Java).
Practice Sets
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