Problem Statement
Explain how DNS resolves a domain name to an IP address.
Explanation
The Domain Name System (DNS) translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. When a user enters a URL, the resolver checks its cache, then queries a root server, a top-level domain server (like .com), and finally an authoritative server for the exact record. The resolved IP address is returned to the client and cached for future use. This hierarchical process ensures fast, scalable name resolution across the Internet.