Problem Statement
Describe two common free-space management techniques in file systems and their trade-offs.
Explanation
Free-space management is how a file system tracks which blocks are free for allocation. Two common techniques are a free-list (linked list of free blocks) and a bitmap (array of bits where each bit indicates free or used). The free-list is simple and efficient for sequential allocation but may fragment and traverse slowly for large free lists. A bitmap allows quick access and compact representation, and supports efficient block allocation decisions, but requires scanning and may incur overhead for very large disks. Highlighting trade-offs is important in interview responses.
