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Wipro · Computer Networks
Practice Computer Networks questions specifically asked in Wipro interviews – ideal for online test preparation, technical rounds and final HR discussions.
Questions
23
Tagged for this company + subject
Company
Wipro
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Subject
Computer Networks
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Go through each question and its explanation. Use this page for targeted revision just before your Wipro Computer Networks round.
Errors in transmission can arise from thermal noise (random electrical fluctuations), propagation delays, or congestion in intermediate nodes. While some issues are physical (noise, attenuation), others are network-level (buffer overflow). Identifying these helps design robust systems with error detection and correction.
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In a star topology, all devices connect to a central hub or switch. This design makes troubleshooting easier since a failure in one cable affects only one device. However, if the central hub fails, the whole network can go down.
TCP establishes a connection before data transfer and ensures ordered, reliable delivery. UDP, by contrast, sends datagrams without connection setup, offering lower latency but no guarantee of delivery. Choosing between them depends on the application’s needs.
In the slow-start phase TCP begins with a small congestion window and doubles it each round-trip time as acknowledgments are received. This rapid increase probes available bandwidth until a threshold is reached, after which growth becomes linear.
An analog signal changes smoothly over time, representing data through variations in amplitude or frequency. Examples include voice and radio waves. In contrast, digital signals use discrete values (0s and 1s). Understanding signal behavior helps explain how data is transmitted physically.
A switch works at the Data Link layer (Layer 2). It uses MAC addresses to forward frames between devices on the same network. Routers operate at Layer 3, while repeaters operate at Layer 1. Knowing device-to-layer mapping is a common quick-fire interview question.
The Media Access Control (MAC) address is a 48-bit identifier hard-coded into a network card. It uniquely identifies a device on a LAN. MAC addresses enable the Data Link Layer to deliver frames between local devices.
Network security focuses on protecting data as it travels through a network. It ensures confidentiality (preventing unauthorized access), integrity (preventing unauthorized modification), and availability (ensuring access when needed). These three principles form the CIA triad — the foundation of cybersecurity.
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) uses polynomial division to detect errors in data frames. It is powerful and widely used in Ethernet and storage systems. The sender appends a computed CRC value to the frame; the receiver recomputes it and checks for mismatches.
Stop-and-Wait Automatic Repeat Request ensures reliability by waiting for acknowledgment of each frame before sending the next. If the acknowledgment is not received within a timeout, the sender retransmits the frame. This simplicity makes it reliable but inefficient for high-latency links.
An IP address uniquely identifies a host and its network on the Internet or a local network. It enables routers to make forwarding decisions and deliver packets correctly. Think of it as the device’s 'postal address' for digital communication.
The TTL field prevents packets from looping endlessly in case of routing errors. Each router decrements TTL by one; when it reaches zero, the packet is discarded and an ICMP ‘Time Exceeded’ message is sent back. TTL protects network stability.
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) uses hop count to determine the shortest path. The maximum allowed hops are 15, meaning larger networks are unsuitable for RIP. Despite its limitations, RIP is widely used in small and academic networks.
The default route serves as a catch-all path for packets that don’t match any specific route in the table. It’s typically used to send traffic toward the Internet through a default gateway.
Cookies store small pieces of data like session IDs on the client side to maintain state in the otherwise stateless HTTP protocol. They help websites remember users, preferences, or login sessions across multiple requests.
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS) provide end-to-end encryption for web traffic. They ensure that data exchanged between a web browser and server remains confidential and tamper-proof. Modern browsers use TLS, the successor to SSL.
Wireless networks use electromagnetic waves to transmit data through the air, removing the need for cables. This allows mobility, flexibility, and ease of setup in environments where wiring is difficult or costly.
Wireshark captures and analyzes network packets in real time. It helps diagnose latency, protocol errors, and security issues. Network engineers use it to visually inspect traffic and troubleshoot complex issues.
Ping sends ICMP echo requests to check if a host is reachable and measures round-trip time. It’s one of the simplest yet most useful troubleshooting tools to verify basic connectivity.
ping google.com
An access point connects wireless clients to a wired network infrastructure. It allows mobile users to connect and move within the network’s range. Access points form the backbone of wireless LAN architecture.
A MAC (Media Access Control) address uniquely identifies a device’s network interface card at the data link layer, while an IP address identifies a device’s logical position in a network. MAC addresses are fixed by hardware manufacturers; IP addresses can change dynamically through DHCP.
Fragmentation happens when a packet is larger than the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) of the next network segment. The router splits it into smaller fragments for delivery. IPv6 largely avoids fragmentation by requiring sources to send appropriately sized packets.
FTP allows users to upload and download files from remote servers using separate control and data connections. It supports authentication and directory operations, making it useful for sharing large datasets or website maintenance.